Adherence to the three dietary patterns of Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean, which characterize the dietary habits of the Spanish population, was evaluated, The Western pattern includes consumption of large amounts of fatty dairy products, refined grains, processed meat, caloric beverages, sweets, fast food, and sauces. The Prudent pattern involves consumption of low-fat dairy products, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and juices. Finally, the Mediterranean pattern consists of high consumption of fish, boiled potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and olive oil, and low consumption of juices. The diets were graded according to the degree of adherence to each pattern and assigned to four quartiles from lower to higher adherence within each pattern.

Only a high adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern appeared to be associated with a lower risk of aggressive PC. Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns showed different effects in low and high grade tumors. 

   "While a seeming association between higher plasma omega-3 levels and the findings of severe heart disease upon initial angiogram might raise alarms that omega-3 isn't beneficial, they did live to see a doctor and get diagnosed," Le added. "And we saw a link between higher levels of omega-3 and their survival rate thereafter." 

  Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus

Summary: Older adults with low intake of foods and drinks containing flavonoids, such as berries, apples, and tea, were more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias over 20 years, compared with people who consumed more of those items, according to a new study. 

 University of Reading

Summary: People who consume a diet including flavanol-rich foods and drinks, including tea, apples and berries, could lead to lower blood pressure, according to the first study using objective measures of thousands of UK residents' diet. 

Undernourished children principally die of common infections, and immune defects are consistently demonstrated in under- and overnutrition.

Parental malnutrition leads to epigenetic modifications of infant immune and metabolic genes.

Healthy gut development relies on sensing of dietary nutrients, commensal, and pathogenic microbes via immune receptors.

Recurrent infections, chronic inflammation, and enteropathy compound clinical malnutrition by altering gut structure and function.

Immune cell activation and systemic proinflammatory mediator levels are increased in malnutrition.

 Clinical malnutrition is a heterogenous group of disorders including macronutrient deficiencies leading to body cell mass depletion and micronutrient deficiencies, and these often coexist with infectious and inflammatory processes and environmental problems.

There is good evidence that specific micronutrients influence immunity, particularly zinc and vitamin A. Iron may have both beneficial and deleterious effects depending on circumstances.

There is surprisingly slender good evidence that immunity to parasites is dependent on macronutrient intake or body composition.

 Malnutrition can be a consequence of energy deficit (protein-energy malnutrition - PEM) or a micronutrient deficiency. In any case, it is still a major burden in developing countries and is considered the most relevant risk factor for illness and death, affecting particularly hundreds of millions of pregnant women and young children . This direct relationship between malnutrition and death is mainly due to the resulting immunodeficiency and, consequently, greater susceptibility to infectious agents. 

  The effect of diet on the development of human immune system begins from the embryonic stage. If during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, the mother receives enough protein, vitamins, and minerals, the embryonic tissues will develop very well. If a fetus develops sufficiently, it will have normal weight and size. The normal weight of the fetus is an important criterion for his/her health. Fetal malnutrition has unfavorable effects on the development of immune system. If the immune system does not efficiently develop in this period, it cannot defense against pathogens in the future. 

  Good nutrition is vital at every stage of life, but as you age, staying well-nourished is even more important! 

 As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors influence the immune system and its competence, including nutrition. A bidirectional relationship among nutrition, infection and immunity exists: changes in one component affect the others. For example, distinct immune features present during each life stage may affect the type, prevalence, and severity of infections, while poor nutrition can compromise immune function and increase infection risk. Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, and zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies are a recognized global public health issue, and poor nutritional status predisposes to certain infections. Immune function may be improved by restoring deficient micronutrients to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and supporting faster recovery when infected. Diet alone may be insufficient and tailored micronutrient supplementation based on specific age-related needs necessary.  

Undernourished children principally die of common infections, and immune defects are consistently demonstrated in under- and overnutrition.

Parental malnutrition leads to epigenetic modifications of infant immune and metabolic genes.

Healthy gut development relies on sensing of dietary nutrients, commensal, and pathogenic microbes via immune receptors.

Recurrent infections, chronic inflammation, and enteropathy compound clinical malnutrition by altering gut structure and function.

Immune cell activation and systemic proinflammatory mediator levels are increased in malnutrition.

  Scientists are learning which omega-3 fatty acids seem to be especially important. One is docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, which is abundant in salmon. DHA, which reduces oxidative stress and enhances synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in cell membranes in the brain.

"The brain and the body are deficient in the machinery to make DHA; it has to come through our diet," said Gómez-Pinilla, who was born and raised in salmon-rich Chile and eats salmon three times a week, along with a balanced diet. "Omega-3 fatty acids are essential."

 Amengual and his colleagues conducted two studies to further understand the effects of beta-carotene on cardiovascular health. They confirmed its importance, but identified a critical step in the process.

Beta-carotene converts to vitamin A with the help of an enzyme called beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1). A genetic variation determines if you have a more or less active version of BCO1.

The journal Clinical Nutrition also reports that more than a third of Black Africans living in Britain have high levels of vitamin D deficiency, and lower socio-economic groups are more at risk.

Led by the Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, using data from 440,581 UK Biobank participants, the study strengthens calls for a mandatory vitamin D fortification program in the United Kingdom.

  The researchers surveyed 630 young men ages 15-29 in Western Canada and found that the most strongly endorsed masculine value is selflessness. Ninety-one per cent of the men agreed that a man should help other people, and 80 per cent believed that a man should give back to the community. Openness also ranked highly -- 88 per cent said a man should be open to new ideas, new experiences, and new people -- and so did health, with a majority of participants saying that men should be healthy or in good shape. 

 "We know eating avocados helps you feel full and reduces blood cholesterol concentration, but we did not know how it influences the gut microbes, and the metabolites the microbes produce," says Sharon Thompson, graduate student in the Division of Nutritional Sciences at U of I and lead author on the paper, published in the Journal of Nutrition.

The researchers found that people who ate avocado every day as part of a meal had a greater abundance of gut microbes that break down fiber and produce metabolites that support gut health. They also had greater microbial diversity compared to people who did not receive the avocado meals in the study.

"Microbial metabolites are compounds the microbes produce that influence health," Thompson says. "Avocado consumption reduced bile acids and increased short chain fatty acids. These changes correlate with beneficial health outcomes."

 Major life events such as marriage, death of a loved one or bankruptcy all affect our wellbeing. Now, for the first time, researchers have compared the differing impact of these events on the happiness and life satisfaction and how long that impact lasts. 

 An international group of more than 190 scientists who analyzed the genomes of 298,420 individuals have found genetic variants that may influence our sense of wellbeing, depression and neuroticism.

The study, to be published April 18 by the journal Nature Genetics, is one of the largest genomic studies to date on behavioral genetics.

"We have known for a long time that these traits have a genetic component, but until now, we had identified only a few specific genetic variants related to these traits," said Daniel Benjamin, corresponding author and an associate professor of the Center for Economic and Social Research in the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

 High quality me-time not only improves your psychological wellbeing it can also make you a more engaged employee.

This is one of the findings of a study by Dr Almuth McDowall, University of Birkbeck, who will present the study today, Thursday 8 January, at the British Psychological Society's Division of Occupational Psychology annual conference in Glasgow.

 All over the world, men die younger than women and do worse on a host of health indicators, yet policy makers rarely focus on this "men's health gap" or adopt programs aimed at addressing it, according to an international group of researchers and health charity workers. 

 While most frequently associated with women's health, age-related hormone changes, often dubbed menopause, can occur in men as well, causing symptoms of fatigue, mood swings, decreased desire for sex, hair loss, lack of concentration and weight gain. Experts estimate that more than 5 million men are affected, yet worry the number may be considerably higher since symptoms are frequently ignored.

Male hypogonadism, as it's referred to in the medical community, occurs when the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, the hormone that plays a key role in masculine growth and development. When hormone levels drop, men can experience significant mental and physical changes.

"This is a highly prevalent disorder," said Robert Brannigan, MD, urologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. "Unfortunately, we estimate that 95 percent of cases are undiagnosed and therefore untreated. When ignored, symptoms can seriously disrupt one's quality of life."

 Men experience a higher burden of disease and lower life expectancy than women, but policies focusing on the health needs of men are notably absent from the strategies of global health organisations, according to a Viewpoint article in this week's Lancet.

The article reinterprets data from the 'Global Burden of Disease: 2010' study which shows that all of the top ten causes of premature death and disability, and top ten behavioural risk factors driving rates of ill-health around the world, affect men more than they affect women.

    The present study found that health behavior, and beliefs relating to responsibility for health and future health requirements, are associated with both gender and age. This is important data, informing on health related behavior which will contribute to educating and supporting the preventative fight against lifestyle related and chronic disease as we age. 

     "When it comes to life expectancy, we think a lot about disease," lead author Anita Arora, MD, MBA, from Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, told Medscape Medical News. However, "well-being, which captures how our physical, mental and social health come together, may also be important to how long people live," she said. 

    What are “detoxes” and “cleanses”?

A variety of “detoxification” diets, regimens, and therapies—sometimes called “detoxes” or “cleanses”—have been suggested as ways to remove toxins from your body, lose weight, or promote health. We are well aware that most people tend to detox as they begin a New Year. So, for your safety, we have provided a link for you to bring your knowledge up to speed before you embark on your detox journey

    Discussions on gender equality and women's empowerment within the context of health and wellbeing in development have for many reasons focused traditionally on women and girls.  Since health is public as well as private, however, and since gender is relational as well as socially constructed, it is essential to also understand how men's and boys' broader health and well-being – alongside that of women and girls – helps or hinders in terms of creating enabling environments for improving gender equality and supporting the empowerment of women and girls.   

     Men are three times more likely to take their own lives than women.

Men in mid-life remain overwhelmingly dependent on a female partner for emotional support.

Marriage breakdown is more likely for men to lead to suicide.

Men have a much more negative view on counselling and therapy than women.

When men do use therapy, it is at the point of crisis.

Men between the ages of 18 and 44 are less likely to go see a doctor than women.

67 per cent of men feel their mental health is secondary to that of a partner.

   We asked medical experts for the most impactful things you can do right now to live longer—and stay healthy enough to really enjoy your golden years.

  In a new study, researchers have found that increase in happiness is directly proportional with a reduction in mortality. The study, which focused on Singaporeans aged 60 years and older, found that even small increments in happiness may be beneficial, suggesting individual activities as well as government policies and programs that maintain or improve psychological well-being may contribute to longer life. 

 The study, in the journal Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, is the most comprehensive review so far of the evidence linking happiness to health outcomes. Its lead author, University of Illinois professor emeritus of psychology Ed Diener, who also is a senior scientist for the Gallup Organization, of Princeton, N.J., analyzed long-term studies of human subjects, experimental human and animal trials, and studies that evaluate the health status of people stressed by natural events. 

Harvard followed 800 people for their entire lives to see what actually makes people live happier, healthier, and longer.

One of the three samples of people — 268 Harvard graduates born around 1920 — was the longest prospective study of physical and mental health in the world.

A second sample was the longest prospective study of “blue collar” adult development in the world.

The third sample was the longest prospective study of women’s development in the world.

The overall study found six key factors that impact happiness and longevity, including relationships, education, and generosity.

 Many people think that life expectancy is largely determined by genetics.

However, genes play a much smaller role than originally believed. It turns out that environmental factors like diet and lifestyle are key.

Here are 13 habits linked to a long life.

 Well-being is an important measure of a population's health and longevity and represents a promising focus for intervention, according to a recent study published online November 9 in Health Affairs.

"When it comes to life expectancy, we think a lot about disease," lead author Anita Arora, MD, MBA, from Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, told Medscape Medical News. However, "well-being, which captures how our physical, mental and social health come together, may also be important to how long people live," she said.

 Health and life expectancy in the UK has endured serious setbacks over the past decade, an influential team of analysts said.

A review by Sir Michael Marmot, 10 years after he warned that health inequalities and social deprivation would lead to worse health and growing costs for the NHS, found life expectancy falling in many English regions, and increasing amounts of time spent in poor health by people in their later years.

 Here is a checklist to lower your cardiac risk. A healthy weight and a physically active life will get you most of the way there.

As men age, cardiovascular health becomes a higher priority. But for all the recent media frenzy about who should be on cholesterol-lowering statin drugs and the continuing obsession with popping fish oil capsules, checking the box on two fundamental lifestyle issues will get you most of the way there.

 Men develop heart disease 10 years earlier, on average, than women do. They also have an early warning sign that few can miss: erectile dysfunction (ED). “It’s the canary in the coal mine,” says a Johns Hopkins expert. “Sexual problems often foretell heart problems.”

 The first sign of heart disease is often a heart attack or other serious event. But, there are a few important signs that can help you recognize problems before they come to a head.

In the early stages, symptoms that seem like mere annoyances may come and go. For example, you may have heart arrhythmias, which can cause:

• difficulty catching your breath after moderate physical exertion, like walking up a flight of stairs
• a sense of discomfort or squeezing in your chest that lasts for 30 minutes to a few hours
• unexplained pain in your upper torso, neck, and jaw
• a heartbeat that is faster, slower, or more irregular than usual
• dizziness or fainting

 Higher levels of lean muscle mass in middle age may be linked to lower 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, regardless of traditional risk factors such as diet, income, smoking, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, a study found. 

 Declining muscle mass is part of aging, but that does not mean you are helpless to stop it.

 The daily use of multivitamins may reduce the risk for cancer in men, according to the results of a very large randomized trial.

After about 11 years, multivitamin use resulted in a modest but statistically significant reduction — specifically, an 8% reduction in total cancer incidence.

However, the investigators observed no effect of vitamin usage on prostate cancer, so they removed that cancer from all the other cancer types in another analysis. In that analysis, "there was a 12% reduction in total cancers which was significant," said lead author John Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH. He was speaking at a press briefing ahead of a presentation at the Annual American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research meeting.

The study has also been published early online in the Journal of the American Medical Association to coincide with the meeting.

Multivitamin use also lessened the risk of dying from cancer.

We have known for a long time that the economic prosperity of a place is linked to the health of its population. Recently, attention has turned to the role that economic strategies (the ways in which the economy is developed) and businesses (as key organisations within the economy) can play to improve health. However, these strategies have yet to be deployed at scale. For example, a recent report found that 85% of economic development departments were not as engaged as they could be in tackling the determinants of health. 

 This will involve transforming public service planning and delivery throughout a time of unprecedented economic and social disruption – pushing the service to understand its impact and value as local anchor organisations well beyond traditional sectoral boundaries. It will also mean using the system approach now emerging to drive up population health and wellbeing. 
 

 Lord Chesterfield observed that good health is the first and greatest of all blessings and the first of all liberties. Millions of people in developing countries around the globe lack this blessing and basic freedom. What's more, their poor health both reflects their poverty and contributes to it. 

 Health is an asset with an intrinsic value as well as an instrumental value. Being healthy is a source of wellbeing and one of the goals most valued by human beings throughout the world. Health is not only the absence of illness, but also the capacity of developing a person’s potential throughout life. As the pioneer work by Nobel Prize winner Robert Fogel shows, health is also an important determinant of economic growth. This author finds that between one-third and one-half of Britain’s economic growth in the past 200 years is due to improvements in the population’s calorific intake, which resulted in better health and higher productivity. 

 How do we bring the private and public actors together to cooperate meaningfully? How to ensure that private sector involvement goes beyond grants and corporate social responsibility? 

 There is an unprecedented opportunity for the private sector - with funds, freedom and technical / scientific knowledge - to create solutions that make human lives healthier, happier, more efficient, more equal, and more fulfilling. 

  We know that people have less robust immune responses as they age, and the elderly are more prone to infection and have lower protection rates from vaccines. There are also immune differences between the sexes—for example, adult women have higher susceptibility to autoimmune disease. A team led by Duygu Ucar and Jacques Banchereau analyzed immune cells from a large cohort of healthy people spanning the adult life span (22-93), carefully matched between women and men, to investigate age- and sex-related immune differences. They found significant differences in immune gene regulation and function between the sexes that increased with age. After age 65, men displayed higher innate and pro-inflammatory immune activity and lower adaptive immune function, indicating less robust infection response. 

 From infancy to old age, women are simply healthier than men. Out of the 15 leading causes of death, men lead women in all of them except Alzheimer's disease, which many men don't live long enough to develop. Although the gender gap is closing, men still die five years earlier than their wives, on average.

Sometimes referred to as male menopause or hypogonadism, testosterone deficiency in men leads to symptoms that can often be treated when tested and diagnosed by their doctors. Typical symptoms of Low T include:

• Increased irritability or depression
• Fatigue
• Inability to concentrate
• Reduced muscle mass and strength
• Low sex drive and erectile dysfunction
• Decreased bone density and osteoporosis
• Increased body fat

Global gut health experts guide growth of synbiotics

The consensus report, published in Nature Reviews: Gastroenterology & Hepatology, is expected to serve as the definitive reference in the development of new synbiotic products.

"Synbiotics are starting to gain traction in the marketplace, but there's a lot of confusion around the term, even among scientists," says Kelly Swanson, consensus panel chair and professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at Illinois. "The panel's main goal was to clarify what synbiotics are and provide guidance for future research and innovation."

 An awareness of the importance of the gut–brain axis in psychiatric disorders such as depression is increasing. The gut microbiome is a key component of this axis. Gut bacteria can communicate with the brain through a variety of pathways including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, immune modulation, tryptophan metabolism and the production of various neuroactive compounds.  

  Scientists have found that vitamin D is crucial to activating our immune defenses and that without sufficient intake of the vitamin - the killer cells of the immune system -- T cells -- will not be able to react to and fight off serious infections in the body. The research team found that T cells first search for vitamin D in order to activate and if they cannot find enough of it will not complete the activation process. 

 The liver is a hub for removing toxins from the blood and plays an important role in the body's processes for converting food into energy. Since it is "downstream" of the gastrointestinal tract in the digestive process, it makes sense that the composition of bacteria in the gut could affect the functioning of the liver. 

 American Society for MicrobiologySummary:Supplementation with probiotics can improve a person's gut health, but the benefits are often fleeting, and colonization by the probiotic's good microbes usually doesn't last. Breast milk may help sustain those colonies in the long run, say researchers. 

 Another strategy: ease up on fertilizer.

"Many countries have high yields because from 1960 until now they have been using more and more fertilizer," he said. "But recent research has shown that almost all of these countries are actually using much more than they need to attain the yield they have." A drop of roughly 30% in fertilizer use would not only save the farmer money for the same yield, it prevents the release of nitrous oxide that occurs when excess fertilizer goes unused.

 B vitamins-B-6, B-12 and folate-all nourish the brain. But much remains to be discovered about the relation between these essential nutrients and our brainpower. 

 Severe deficiency of the vitamins and minerals required for life is relatively uncommon in developed nations, but modest deficiency is very common and often not taken seriously. New research, however, may change this thinking as it examines moderate selenium and vitamin K deficiency to show how damage accumulates over time as a result of vitamin and mineral loss, leading to age-related diseases. 

 A new research discovery published in the January 2010 print issue of the FASEB Journal suggests that treatments for disorders that cause accelerated aging, particularly Werner's syndrome, might come straight from the family medicine chest. In the research report, a team of Canadian scientists shows that vitamin C stops and even reverses accelerated aging in a mouse model of Werner's syndrome, but the discovery may also be applicable to other progeroid syndromes. 

  "Our immune system is needed for a healthy body function and protects us from all kinds of infections. Particularly important in this respect are T cells, and specifically regulatory T cells. Although these represent only a small fraction of all T cells, they are crucial to keep our immune system in check" explains Prof Brenner. "If regulatory T cells are not functional, the immune system gets out of control and turns against its own body.   

  Scientists have found that volunteers who followed a low-calorie diet or a very low-calorie diet not only lost weight, but also significantly enhanced their immune response. The study may be the first to demonstrate the interaction between calorie restriction and immune markers among humans.  

  The analysis, published in the international journal Exercise Immunology Review, involving leading physiologists Dr James Turner and Dr John Campbell from the University of Bath's Department for Health, considers the effect of exercise on our immune function. 

  Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK , yet we still don't know all of its causes. The largest ever study to use genetics as a measurement for physical activity to look at its effect on prostate cancer, reveals that being more active reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Over 140,000 men were included in the study, of which, 80,000 had prostate cancer. 

  Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Still incurable, it directly affects nearly one million people in Europe, and indirectly millions of family members as well as society as a whole. In recent years, the scientific community has suspected that the gut microbiota plays a role in the development of the disease.  

 Obesity and type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of contracting cancer, but making dietary changes could have a big impact 

  Hospitals need to understand that good food is medicine.

PRUE LEITH

  Diabetes in older adults is a growing public health burden. The unprecedented aging of the world's population is a major contributor to the diabetes epidemic, and older adults represent one of the fastest growing segments of the diabetes population. Of impending concern is that these numbers are projected to grow dramatically over the next few decades  

 Across a broad range of indicators, men report poorer health than women. In 2000, diabetes mellitus was ranked as the sixth leading cause of death among men in the United States.

 Researchers postulate that a complex set of causal and interrelated sex-specific factors contribute to this high rate of mortality. These sex-specific factors include socioeconomic status (e.g., poverty), poor personal health practices,  deconstructive norms of masculinity (e.g., invincibility), 3maladaptive stress management skills,  and inadequate health care–seeking behaviors.

 The condition can lead to erectile dysfunction, genital thrush, and loss of muscle mass. This article explores the differences between diabetes symptoms in men and women.

Find out more

Depending on the type of treatment regimen you use to control your diabetes, there are some vitamins and minerals that may be beneficial for your condition.

Before adding any vitamins or adding dietary supplements to your daily diet, discuss these changes with your healthcare team and doctor to ensure they are safe alongside any prescribed medication you’re on.

Researchers studied the effects of a 12-week exercise regimen on 148 active-duty Air Force airmen, half of whom also received a twice-daily nutrient beverage that included protein; the omega-3 fatty acid, DHA; lutein; phospholipids; vitamin D; B vitamins and other micronutrients; along with a muscle-promoting compound known as HMB. Both groups improved in physical and cognitive function, with added gains among those who regularly consumed the nutritional beverage, the team reports.

The findings appear in the journal Scientific Reports. 

Their study, published today in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, reports that elderly Japanese men and women who produce equol -- a metabolite of dietary soy created by certain types of gut bacteria -- display lower levels of white matter lesions within the brain. 

    Diets high in red and processed meat, refined grains and sugary beverages, which have been associated with increased inflammation in the body, can increase subsequent risk of heart disease and stroke compared to diets filled with anti-inflammatory foods according to a study published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. A separate JACC study assessed the positive effects eating walnuts, an anti-inflammatory food, had on decreasing inflammation and heart disease risk.  

       An antibody for treating advanced prostate cancer improves progression-free survival in patients with metastasised, castration-resistant prostate cancer. This is the finding of the long-term analyses of an international phase 3 clinical trial, recently published in the leading journal European Urology. The study showed that overall survival was 2 -- 3 times higher than in the placebo arm 

      In most parts of the world, health outcomes among boys and men continue to be substantially worse than among girls and women, yet this gender-based disparity in health has received little national, regional or global acknowledgement or attention from health policy-makers or health-care providers. Including both women and men in efforts to reduce gender inequalities in health as part of the post-2015 sustainable development agenda would improve everyone’s health and well-being. 

Heart health

Diseases of the heart and circulation (cardiovascular disease, CVD) pose a significant threat to our health. For men, a particular type of CVD called coronary heart disease is the main cause of death in the UK. It’s caused by a build-up of fatty deposits in the vessels (arteries) that supply blood to your heart.

     Medical experts maintain that several dietary supplements and vitamins are considered an important part of a brain-healthy diet. One such expert, Dr. Richard Isaacson, Harvard-trained neurologist and author of the book, “Alzheimer’s Treatment, Alzheimer’s Prevention,” recommends several supplements for your brain

    The Global Council on Brain Health (GCBH) examined the state of science on the impact diet has on brain health in adults age 50 and older. GCBH experts carefully considered what can be confidently concluded about whether and how dietary patterns and food choices influence brain health. The new report provides specific recommendations on which foods to encourage, include or limit in adults’ diets. The GCBH gives people 12 practical tips to incorporate healthy eating habits to help maintain brain health.   

       It has long been suspected that the relative abundance of specific nutrients can affect cognitive processes and emotions. Newly described influences of dietary factors on neuronal function and synaptic plasticity have revealed some of the vital mechanisms that are responsible for the action of diet on brain health and mental function. Several gut hormones that can enter the brain, or that are produced in the brain itself, influence cognitive ability.    

   But sleep is only part of the equation when it comes to the body clock. Food plays a role too.

"In very crude terms, there are two sets of processes that need to go on in a cell," says Gary Wittert, an endocrinologist and professor of medicine at the University of Adelaide.

"Cells need to take up nutrients and process them for energy to fuel the work that the cell needs to do. And then the other half of the day, which is night for us, is for growth and repair." 

  A recent report in the journal Neurology found that a diet containing approximately one serving of green leafy vegetables per day is associated with slower age-related cognitive decline. 

 “Through this protein, the liver is responding to physical activity and telling the old brain to get young,” Villeda says. “This is a remarkable example of liver-to-brain communication that, to the best of our knowledge, no one knew existed.” 

 Every brain changes with age, and mental function changes along with it. Mental decline is common, and it's one of the most feared consequences of aging. But cognitive impairment is not inevitable. Here are 12 ways you can help maintain brain function 

        The study published today (Monday, 15th June 2020) in the British Journal of Nutrition, forms part of the largest representative study of its kind conducted among older persons. 

A new study challenges claims from some international scientific circles, that having high blood levels of folate (folic acid) increases the risk of poor cognition in older adults, especially in those with low levels of vitamin B12. On the contrary the study found that having higher folate seemed to be associated with better cognitive function in these older adults. 

      People with endocrine disorders may see their condition worsen as a result of COVID-19, according to a new review published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society. 

     Cambridge scientists have developed a new way to fortify shellfish to tackle human nutrient deficiencies which cause severe health problems across the world. The team is now working with major seafood manufacturers to further test their microencapsulation technology, or ''Vitamin Bullets''. 

     A research group has now developed a hypothesis whereby iron deposits in the brain -- resulting from alcohol-induced vitamin B1 deficiency -- can be regarded as key factors in cognitive decline. 

    Researchers develops drug approach against bacterial infections

   A recent study shows that cold ambient temperatures increase vitamin A levels in humans and mice. This helps convert 'bad' white adipose tissue into 'good' brown adipose tissue which stimulates fat burning and heat generation.  

  Mr. Glenn kept fit partly through what a friend called high-speed golf. He pulled his own cart. He took vitamins, managed without coffee and drank very little alcohol. 

 Consuming plenty of tea, apples and cocoa could be as effective as the Mediterranean diet in reducing blood pressure and protecting against heart disease, a study suggests.

 Before COVID-19 hit, obesity and overweight were linked to an estimated 5 million deaths per year worldwide. Now, obesity and overweight seem to have worsened the threat of COVID-19, which has killed approximately 1,119,268 people around the world as of October 13, 2020. 

POOR NUTRITION AND PREVENTABLE CHORNIC DISEASE

 Good nutrition is essential for keeping populations healthy across the lifespan. A healthy diet helps children grow and develop properly and reduces their risk of chronic diseases, including obesity. Adults who eat a healthy diet live longer and have a lower risk of obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Healthy eating can help people with chronic diseases manage these conditions and prevent complications. 

  And, because the capsules used in the trial contain only natural food products, they should reach shop shelves much quicker than a synthetic drug would once approved. “Instead of spending 20 years doing efficacy and safety and toxicology with a synthetic drug, we're able to get something onto the market, hopefully much faster than that.”

“I don't really see that many downsides. Obviously, it's not a miracle, there's no such thing. But if people can lose about 13 per cent of their weight, that's going from a Body Mass Index (BMI) of obese to a BMI of overweight, which reduces your chances of colon cancer by 20 times. That's a very significant saving for the NHS, and it saves lives.”

      While the latest research suggests that antibodies against Covid-19 could be lost in just three months, a new hope has appeared on the horizon: the enigmatic T cell. BBC

     Contrary to prior understanding, many hormones related to spermatogenesis take longer to recover than previously thought, and up to 3 years in some cases after anabolic steroid misuse, according to a fertility expert speaking at the Royal Society of Medicine webinar series. 

   During South Africa’s strict lockdown, groups of activists decided to distribute parcels of vegetables as wells as seedlings and gardening materials as well as to hundreds of vulnerable households

 Learning from success: What’s working in the fight against malnutrition?

 The food we eat gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we don't get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. 

     Good nutrition is an essential part of an individual’s defence against Covid-19. Nutritional resilience is a key element of a society’s readiness to combat the threat. Focusing on nutritional well-being provides opportunities for establishing synergies between public health and equity, in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 

    On a national level, a study of nearly 4,500 low-income adults found that participation in SNAP, the much-debated food stamp program, was associated with $1,400 less in annual health expenditures. 

 Chronic Care Act that gives these Medicare programs the flexibility to invest in nontraditional services like food 

   Evidence suggests that neglecting the importance of adequate nutrition in chronically ill patients has far-reaching implications on the health status of the individual and the health care costs.